Venus is covered by a thick layer of clouds, as shown in pictures of Venus taken at ultraviolet wavelengths (Figure below). Earth’s average surface temperature is 14°C (57°F). Unlike the inner planets, whose atmosphere is composed of helium and hydrogen or nitrogen and CO2, that of the outer planets is composed of helium and hydrogen alone. It has no moons of its own and is comprised mostly of iron and nickel. 2. See no ads on this site, see our videos early, special bonus material, and much more. Here’s The Solar System Guide as well as The Inner and Outer Planets in Our Solar System. Earth’s crust is divided into tectonic plates, which move around on the surface because of the convecting mantle below. This image of the Maat Mons volcano with lava beds in the foreground was generated by a computer from radar data. Can you find a hurricane? When it sets just after the Sun sets, it is the evening star. Mars also has the largest canyon in the solar system, Valles Marineris (Figure below). Water is a liquid at this temperature, but the planet also has water in its other two states, solid and gas. Beyond the frost line, these compounds condense into ice grains.Some scientists refer to the frost line as the “Goldilocks Zone” — where conditions for life may be “just right.”. Is this for the same reason that Venus has fewer impact craters? Mars is reddish in color and has the largest mountain and the largest canyon in the solar system. The inner planets, or terrestrial planets, are the four planets closest to the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Between its eight planets, 176 moons, 5 dwarf planets (possibly hundreds more), 659,212 known asteroids, and 3,296 known comets, it has wonders to sate the most demanding of curiosities. moons in our solar system are named for mythological characters from a wide variety of cultures. Venus also has very few impact craters compared with Mercury and the Moon. Planet with largest mountain in the solar system. Mars is a quite different from Earth and yet more similar than any other planet. The inner planets are also much more closely spaced than their outer Solar System counterparts. None of the inner planets has rings. What evidence would you look for to find the causes of volcanism on Venus? For comparison, the Grand Canyon in Arizona is about 800 km (500 mi) long and 1.6 km (1 mi) deep. But on Venus, there is no evidence of plate boundaries and volcanic features do not line up the way they do at plate boundaries. Earths closest negihbor. The relative sizes of the major planetary bodies in the solar system are shown in Figure 1.3. Valles Marineris is 4,000 km (2,500 mi) long, as long as Europe is wide, and one-fifth the circumference of Mars. http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/venus_worldbook.html, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqFVxWfVtoo, http://news.discovery.com/videos/space-3-questions-mars-tectonics.html, http://news.discovery.com/videos/space-top-5-mars-phoenix-lander-images.html, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orbits_of_Phobos_and_Deimos.gif, http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/searching-for-life-on-mars/, http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planetselector.cfm?Object=Mercury, http://solarsystem.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mercury&Display=Kids, http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/home/index.html, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-DTJpygyk, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M-KfYEQUg2s, http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Earth-Science-For-High-School/section/25.2. Much of the volcanic activity is caused by plate tectonic activity. orbit. Despite its very short years, Mercury has very long days. Besides its Moon, Earth is orbited by a great deal of space debris, the remains of satellites, and rocket stages. All of the inner planets are solid, dense, rocky planets. Why do the temperatures on some planets vary widely? MERCURY ______ 6 . Venus, which is about the same size as Earth, has a thick toxic atmosphere that traps heat, making it the... Earth:. Phobos and Deimos are named after characters in Greek mythology — the two sons of Ares, who followed their father into war. denser. The Martian atmosphere is very thin relative to Earth’s and has much lower atmospheric pressure. 1. 3. The locations of these features are mostly related to current or former plate boundaries. Venus is also our nearest neighbor. Venus has mountainous areas, as well as volcanoes surrounded by plains of lava. Ancient impact craters means that for billions of years Mercury hasn’t changed much geologically. The outermost planet is _____. The inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars) all have a stony surface, whereas the outer planets (Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune) have no real surface, but they are so-called "gas giants", that are mostly composed of more or less liquid gases. What are Earth’s most distinctive features? Some of these surface features are amazing for their size! solid _____ is the closest planet closest to the Sun. Find out all you want to know about Mars at http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/extreme/. The inner planets and outer planets, we have a region called the asteroid belt. Mars’ thin atmosphere has led some astronomers to believe that the surface water that once existed there might have actually taken liquid form, but has since evaporated into space. Of the inner planets, Mercury is the closest to our Sun and the smallest of the terrestrial planets. Also, with very little atmosphere, the processes of weathering and erosion do not wear down structures on the planet. Figure below shows a diagram of Mercury’s interior. This rotation is extremely slow, only one turn every 243 days. Mercury Facts. Venus’ thick clouds reflect sunlight well so Venus is very bright. The atmosphere of Venus is full of acid, its pressure is crushing, and the enormous amount of carbon dioxide causes runaway greenhouse effect(4d): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqFVxWfVtoo (2:05). Of the four terrestrial planets, Earth is the largest, and the only one that currently has liquid water, which is necessary for life as we know it. On the dark side, or in the shadows inside craters, the surface can be as cold as -183°C (-297°F)! Atmosphere is the air around an object in space. These include the largest mountain in the Solar System – Olympus Mons – which rises some 21,229 m (69,649 ft) above the surface, and a giant canyon called Valles Marineris. The inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) are also called the terrestrial planets (Earth-like). MESSENGER stands for Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Ranging. The outer planets are made largely of gases, so they are also called _____. Earth’s moon is the only large moon orbiting a terrestrial planet in the solar system. The reddish-orange color is close to what scientists think the color of sunlight would look like on the surface of Venus. The cause is heat that builds up below the surface that has no escape until finally it destroys the crust and results in volcanoes. Mercury is covered with craters, like Earth’s moon. 5. We know more about Earth than about any other planet. It’s difficult for scientists to figure out the geological history of Venus. Fill in the blank with the appropriate term. Venus is the second planet from the Sun and the closest planet to Earth, in distance and in size. Both were discovered in 1877 and are thought to be captured asteroids. MESSENGER has taken extremely detailed pictures of the planet’s surface. It has two small moons. In direct sunlight, the surface can be as hot as 427°C (801°F). 2. There is also the red planet, called Mars, where ast… Venus. The inner planets are also called telluric since their nucleus is very hot. Mercury is close to the Sun, so it can get very hot. Biology, 22.06.2019 07:20, Maria3737. (a) Mariner 10 made three flybys of Mercury in 1974 and 1975. Answers: 1 Show answers Other questions on the subject: Biology. Of the four terrestrial planets, Earth is the largest, and the only one with extensive regions of … The four inner planets, or terrestrial planets, have solid, rocky surfaces. Olympus Mons is a shield volcano, similar to the volcanoes that make up the Hawaiian Islands. tide. Life may also be found elsewhere in the universe. The term “Terrestrial” is made of Latin word for Earth “Terra”. Mercury is the smallest planet and is the closest to the Sun. Although the atmosphere is made up mostly of carbon dioxide, the planet has only a weak greenhouse effect so temperatures are only slightly higher than if the planet had no atmosphere. Earth. Worksheet 5 - Fill in the Blank For electronic version, click here. The presence of water on Mars, even though it is now frozen as ice, suggests that it might have been possible for life to exist on Mars in the past. The inner planets are also called terrestrial planets. The four planets farthest from the Sun are the outer planets. The presence of liquid water, the ability of the atmosphere to filter out harmful radiation, and many other features make the planet uniquely suited to harbor life. The Mars Science Laboratory was launched on November 26, 2011 and will search for any evidence that the Red Planet was once capable of supporting life. The four inner planets are called terrestrial planets because their surfaces are solid (and, as the name implies, somewhat similar to Earth — although … The planet’s interior structure is similar to Earth’s with a large iron core and a silicate mantle (Figure below). The Moon is covered with craters; it also has large plains of lava. Although life has not been found elsewhere in the solar system, other planets or satellites may harbor primitive life forms. Tags: Question 7 . Explanation: The outer planets are formed mostly by gas, which is one of the reasons why they are bigger than the inner planets and why they are called gas giants. Earth, the third planet from the Sun, is the only planet with large amounts of liquid water, and the only planet known to support life. However, Mercury has virtually no atmosphere, no water to insulate the surface, and it rotates very slowly. Just above Earth is its atmosphere. Viewed from Earth, Mars is reddish in color. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. Bowl-shaped depressions called _____ formed on the surfaces of inner planets when the planets collided with other objects in space. The Jet Propulsion Lab home page has all the current and past missions with media and activities and great images: Home page of the Mars Exploration Rover Mission: The first humans may reach Mars sometime in the next few decades. In fact, Venus has many more volcanoes than any other planet in the solar system and some of those volcanoes are very large. Although Earth is the third planet out from the Sun this lesson will start here. This ice can melt when volcanoes erupt, and water can flow across the surface temporarily. Movement of the plates causes other geological activity, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and the formation of mountains. This atmosphere is composed of 96% carbon dioxide, along with nitrogen and a few other gases. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window), Soar with the Aurora in this Breathtaking Real-time Video, The Inner and Outer Planets in Our Solar System, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The outer planets, meanwhile, often have dozens of satellites and rings composed of particles of ice and rock. That’s hot enough to melt lead. We know a lot more about Earth, so what we know can be used for comparison with the other planets. Its magnetic field is only about 1 percent that of Earth’s, and it’s very thin atmosphere means that it is hot during the day (up to 430°C) and freezing at night (as low as -187 °C) because the atmosphere can neither keep heat in or out. Next comes Earth. Compare each of the inner planets to Earth and to one another. Our Solar System is an immense and amazing place. Jupiter and Saturn are the outer gas giants. Many features found on the surface are similar to Earth and yet are very different. In our Solar System, astronomers often divide the planets into two groups — the inner planets and the outer planets. The Inner Planets of Our Solar System Mercury:. Figure below shows a topographical map of Venus produced by the Magellan probe using radar. Beyond Mars are the four outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Life and Earth now affect each other; for example, the evolution of plants allowed oxygen to enter the atmosphere in large enough quantities for animals to evolve. Scientists think that water once flowed over the Martian surface because there are surface features that look like water-eroded canyons (Figure below). Mars is the fourth and final inner planet, and also known as the “Red Planet” due to the rust of iron-rich materials that form the planet’s surface. The inner planets, or terrestrial planets, are the four planets closest to the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Venus’ clouds are not made of water vapor like Earth’s clouds. We have written many interesting articles about the inner planets here at Universe Today. Mercury contains a thin crust, a mantle, and a large, liquid core that is rich in iron. Venus. Why are some temperatures much less variable? For starters, the inner planets are rocky and terrestrial, composed mostly of silicates and metals, whereas the outer planets are gas giants. As you can see in (Figure above), Earth has vast oceans of liquid water, large masses of exposed land, and a dynamic atmosphere with clouds of water vapor. The four smaller inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, are terrestrial planets, being primarily composed of rock and metal. The outer planets formed where temperatures were cooler. This line represents the boundary in a system where conditions are warm enough that hydrogen compounds such as water, ammonia, and methane are able to take liquid form. Why is this important? In our solar system, for example, there are 8 planets: Mercury is the closest to sun and hot as hell. In fact, the extent of Valles Marineris is as long as the United States and it spans about 20 percent (1/5) of the entire distance around Mars. Describe key features of each of the inner planets. Of course, the inner planets have shorter orbits around the Sun, and they all spin more slowly. In fact, the radius of the entire region is less than the distance between the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn. Join our 836 patrons! This is longer than a year on Venus—it takes Venus only 224 days to orbit the Sun. Still we can piece together a few things. The inner planets are also called _____ planets, because they are similar to Earth. The Inner Planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars 2. The terrestrial inner planets are composed largely of refractory minerals, such as the silicates, which form their crusts and mantles, and metals such as iron and nickel which form their cores. Identify two places where you might be able to get water on the planet. Uranus and Neptune are the outer ice giants. Like the inner planets, the outer planets have similar characteristics to one another. The spinning of an object on its axis is called_____ answer choices . (b) A 2008 image of compiled from a flyby by MESSENGER. c . The Inner Rim, also called the Inner Rim Planets, or the Inner Rim Territories, was a region of the galaxy between the Colonies and the Expansion Region. Rotates opposite. The dense atmosphere totally obscures the surface of Venus, even from spacecraft orbiting the planet. The 4 inner planets are the closest to the Sun, and the outer planets are the other four – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Therefore, each day on Mercury is 57 Earth days long. Venus, which is about the same size as Earth, has a thick toxic atmosphere that traps heat, making it the hottest planet in the Solar System. The Inner Planets
- The inner planets are the four that are the closest to the sun. Clouds on Venus are made mostly of carbon dioxide with a bit of sulfur dioxide — and they also contain corrosive sulfuric acid. Sun, terrestrial planets: The inner planets are made of _____ and metallic materials. better. Mercury is named for the Roman messenger god, who could run extremely quickly, just as the planet moves very quickly in its orbit around the Sun. Our Solar System is made up of different regions, which are delineated based on their distance from the Sun, but also the types of planets and bodies that can be found within them. From left to right, they are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Mars has mountains, canyons, and other features similar to Earth. 7. The craft is currently in orbit around the planet, where it is creating detailed maps. Earth has fewer impact craters than Mercury and the Moon too. That is why terrestrial planets are also called “Earth-like” planets, due to the similarity in the structure of the planet Earth. In recent years, astronomers have designed a new class called the “dwarf planets.” Terrestrial means "Earth-like" in this context. The huge number of craters suggests that Moon’s surface is ancient. Valles Marineris is 4000 km (2500 mi) long and reaches depths of up to 7 km (4 mi)! By comparison, the Grand Canyon on Earth is only 446 km (277 mi) long and about 2 km (1.2 mi) deep. Find out more about Venus at the following link: http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/venus_worldbook.html. A storm spinning in the opposite direction from the hurricane? Mars. At the Martian poles are polar ice caps that shrink in size during the Martian spring and summer. What does the presence of volcanoes suggest about the geology of Venus? Like the Moon, it is covered with craters. Temperatures at the surface reach 465°C (860°F). We know that Earth has what living things need. Descriptive information about the planetary objects discussed in this book is listed in Table 1.1; it is most useful for comparative purposes. Our universe is an inconceivably vast space that contains billions of heavenly bodies, and even then, most of outer space is completely empty! Why are the four inner planets called terrestrial planets? Because carbon dioxide is greenhouse gas, the atmosphere traps heat from the Sun and creates a powerful greenhouse effect. The inner planets are also called _____ planets because they are similar to Earth. There is also Venus, the brightest planet in the solar system, as well as Earth, the blue planet the only planet which sustains life, and our precious home. The environment is too harsh for a rover to go there. When it is visible, Venus is the brightest object in the sky besides the Sun and the Moon. Earth’s atmosphere protects the planet from dangerous radiation and helps keep valuable sunlight and warmth in, which is also essential for life to survive. And it has gases that plants and animals need to live. Jupiter and Saturn are the outer gas giants. rock: The outer layers of the inner planets are in the ____ state. A video comparing geologic features on Mars and Earth is seen here: Mars tectonics video http://news.discovery.com/videos/space-3-questions-mars-tectonics.html. The newest moons discovered at Saturn Scientists think that there is frequent, planet-wide resurfacing of Venus with volcanism taking place in many locations. four years. 3. Mercury rotates slowly on its axis, turning exactly three times for every two times it orbits the Sun. What conditions will they face? 1. In our solar system we have eight planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the inner rocky planets. high. Mars also has some of the most interesting terrain features of any of the terrestrial planets. In addition to their proximity, these planets have a number of key differences that set them apart from planets elsewhere in the Solar System. On Earth, volcanism is generated because the planet’s interior is hot. The four outer planets are giant planets, being substantially more massive than the terrestrials. Heavier rocks formed the mantle and lighter rocks formed the crust. Pluto is considered one of the _____. Mercury is one of the densest planets. It is even more difficult for students to figure out the geological history of a distant planet based on the information given here. Earth has one large moon, which orbits Earth once every 29.5 days, a period known as a month. It has water — about three times as much water as land. The Outer Planets. For these reasons, temperatures on the surface of Mercury vary widely. For more information, check out this article from NASA on the planets of the Solar System and this article from Solstation about the inner planets. Much of the surface is very old and filled with craters, but there are geologically newer areas of the planet as well. Mercury a. salinity (how much salt) of the water and high temperaturesb. The inner planets are those closest to the _____. Unlike the outer planets, which have many of satellites, Mercury and Venus do not have moons, Earth has one, and Mars has two. The four innermost planets of our solar system (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars) are called the “terrestrial” planets. The ancient Greeks and Romans named the planet after the god of war. Rovers have landed on Mars and sent back enormous amounts of information but much of the rest of what is known about the inner planets is from satellite images. The inner planets are composed mostly of _____. Like the other terrestrial planets, Earth has a rocky surface with mountains and canyons, and a heavy metal core. They are also called the _____ _____. Because Mercury is so close to the Sun, it is difficult to observe from Earth, even with a telescope. This ultraviolet image from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter shows thick layers of clouds in the atmosphere of Venus. Much of Venus’ surface is marked with volcanoes and deep canyons — the biggest of which is over 6400 km (4,000 mi) long. Astronomy Cast also has episodes on all of the inner planets including this one about Mercury. https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/outer-planets
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