The heart operation a success, Sistani returned triumphantly to Al-Najaf in late August and concluded the confrontation by dramatically reining in Ṣadr and brokering a peace agreement where others had failed. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. The destruction of the Iraqi state by the 2003 US-led invasion and occupation of Iraq resulted in the rise of the Shiite clerics in Iraq, in particular, the most senior cleric in Iraq’s Najaf city Ayatollah Ali Sistani who has emerged as a … Born to a prominent religious family, Sistani studied the Qurʾān from a young age. His asceticism is apparent from his food, clothing, and residence. Answer: It is better not to, and its preferable to choose another animal as a pet, as a dog is ritually impure (Najis) according to Islamic law, and thus it would cause one to live with considerable difficulty.It's also been mentioned that prayers in a place with a dog around is abominable (Makrooh). Sistani increasingly found himself marginalized as his calls for calm went unheeded and efforts to restrain his followers became more and more difficult. Clerics should advise, he … The 2010s saw a number of crises that returned Sistani to the position of a political arbiter. The only man who can save Iraq is Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani. He is the most influential person in Iraq, and he also has a large following around the … His Eminence Sayyid Sistani receives a visit from Iranian President Dr. Hassan Rouhani; General Guidelines from the Supreme Religious Authority for Lecturers and Preachers during Muharram 1438 A.H. Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani Early Life. In reply to a question about fasting in the Month of Ramadan in the shadow of the Coronavirus outbreak, the Grand Ayatollah Sistani emphasized that fasting as an individual duty is Wajib, and whoever has the conditions it is obligatory to fast regardless of it being Wajib for others or not. Omissions? But with neighboring Iran moving to install its preferred candidate in the position, the secular political foundations of Iraq's fledgling democracy are at risk. He is the most important Shiite cleric in Iraq, where the population is about 60 percent Shiite. Qom’s only advantage is its political sway, which it acquired just forty years ago when Ayatollah Rouhollah Khomeini overthrew the monarchy and appointed himself as the all-powerful leader of the first Shiite clergy-run state in history. Sistani played a key role in the political proceedings that followed the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, and, although he preferred to give the impression that he did not mix religion and politics, he proved to be an important participant in the planning for Iraq’s first democratic government. After Ayatollah al-Khoei's demise on Safar 8, 1413/August 8, 1992, Ayatollah al-Sistani took over the … The destruction of the Iraqi state by the 2003 US-led invasion and occupation of Iraq resulted in the rise of the Shiite clerics in Iraq, in particular, the most senior cleric in Iraq’s Najaf city Ayatollah Ali Sistani who has emerged as a key political power broker after the invasion. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Corrections? By Track Persia. Known for his intelligence and charisma, Sistani rose quickly through the clerical ranks, and, unlike Ruhollah Khomeini, a fellow cleric in Al-Najaf who would come to rule Iran (1979–89), Sistani eschewed militancy for a “quietist” philosophy. Who is the Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani? Shiite factions close to Sistani move to separate from Iran-backed militias. Ayatollah al-Sistani was the leader of the mosque until the last Friday of Dhu l-Hijja, 1414/June, 1994 when the mosque was shut down by the Iraqi government (in the period of Saddam). Militiamen loyal to Iraqi cleric Muqtada al-Sadr battle US forces for control of the area. Meanwhile, Muqtadā al-Ṣadr, a young militant cleric, waged a fierce guerrilla battle against U.S. and Iraqi forces in Al-Najaf. Can one perform Eid prayers, (Eid al-Fitr or Eid... Is it permissible to socialize or accept invitations... Can one recite a divorce, whilst the two witnesses... Is it permissible for a Muslim single man to consummate... A Code of Practice For Muslims in the West. Top Shiite cleric Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani backs early elections and calls on the Iraqi government to take action against the outlawed militias and mafia active in the country. The differences of these two religious centers are not new. THE Americans are becoming exasperated by Iraq's most powerful ayatollah. Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani is the prime marja, or spiritual reference, for Shia Muslims everywhere. Elected Iran’s supreme leader in June 1989 by the Assembly of Experts, Ayatollah Khamenei serves as the head of state and commander-in-chief of Iran’s armed forces. In August 2004 Sistani traveled to Britain to undergo medical treatment and surgery for a worsening heart condition. What is the ruling on abortion for a pregnant woman who is infected with AIDS? Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi resigned later that month, and the parliament passed an electoral reform in December. In some cases his credibility outweighed that of not only U.S. and United Nations diplomatic envoys but even the interim government of Prime Minister Ayād ʿAllāwī: his strong and moderating influence among the Iraqi populace as a whole earned him the respect of U.S. diplomats and Iraqi leaders, who deferred to many of his wishes. A broader contest of influence between Sistani and Ṣadr continued, however, and some of Sistani’s followers began to shift toward Ṣadr’s more militant approach. Sayyid Ali Husayni al-Sistani (born 4 August 1930), also known as Ayatollah Sistani or al-Sistani, is one of the most powerful and influential Iranian Twelver Shia marja in Iraq and the head of many of the hawzahs (seminaries) in Najaf. Ayatollah Sistani is one of the top living scholars of Shia Islam. Ayatollah Sistani Since the American invasion, he has had more influence over Iraqi politics than any other figure in Iraq. Biography of Ayatollah Sayed Ali Sistani English. Grand Ayatollah al-Sistani "was born in Mashhad, a city in northwest Iran that is home to the country's most sacred Shiite shrine.". Unlike the polarizing Sadr, Sistani is widely regarded in Iraq as a reconciler. Clerics should advise, he says, not rule. His Eminence Sayyid al-Sistani was born on the ninth of Rabi al-Awwal in 1349 AH in the Holy City of Mashhad in Iran. Sistani’s support for free elections in Iraq—underscored by a 2004 fatwa (legal opinion) decreeing that Iraqis register to vote—carried great significance. Ali al-Sistani, Iranian-born Shi’i cleric and a leader of the Iraqi Shi’i community. The reclusive, Iranian-born wields great influence over Iraq’s future. MOBILE VIEW. In his early 20s he left Iran to continue his studies in Iraq, becoming a disciple of Grand Ayatollah Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei in Al-Najaf. By Track Persia. Al-Sistani est une personnalité politique influente en Irak depuis le renversement du gouvernement de Saddam Hussein. A bold move by PMU groupings aligned with Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani is set to challenge the level of influence of pro-Iran militias in Iraq. Here’s a look at the life of Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, Iraq’s most influential Shiite cleric.. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Who is the Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani? Inquiries regarding fasting the holy month of Ramadan with the spread of the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), Questions about Preparing the Bodies of Those Deceased From CoronaVirus (COVID-19), Rulings Regarding the Efforts of Medical Professionals Caring for Coronavirus Patients (COVID 19), Questions from BBC about some inappropriate practices, and the responses to them, His Eminence Sayyid Sistani receives a visit from Iranian President Dr. Hassan Rouhani. Sistani’s sermon was a riposte, designed to set Khamenei right. He succeeded Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Abu Al Qassim Al Khoei as the most powerful figure in Najaf's Hawza, as the senior Shiite clerical leadership is known, in 1992. Though born in Iran, he has lived and taught in Najaf, Iraq, the intellectual capital of global Shiism, since the age of 21. From the Council on Foreign Relations, January 16, 2003. Who is the Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani? Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, born 4 August 1930, the most important Shiite cleric in Iraq, where the population is about 60 percent Shiite. AIM Editor May 30, 2017 Questions & Answers 8,846 Views. Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani’s prime influence comes from his status as Shi’ism’s leading marjah al-taqlid, the title (literally object of emulation) given to a cleric whom Iraq’s 15 million Shia Muslims regard as a guide in every aspect of their lives. In his late eighties, Mr Al Sistani is the main religious authority, or marjaa -- reference -- among Iraq’s majority Shiites, having moved to Najaf from Iran in the 1950s. The reclusive, Iranian-born wields great influence over Iraq’s future. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Rather than continue to endure being ignored, Sistani announced his withdrawal from the political scene. In November 2019, after the Iraqi government responded with violence to widespread demonstrations over corruption and poor services, Sistani called for the resignation of the government, electoral reform, and early elections. Shortly after Khoei’s death in 1992, Sistani achieved the status of marjaʿ al-taqlīd (Arabic: “model of emulation”), the highest level of excellence in Twelver Shiʿism (the main body of Shiʿi Muslims). As Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani ages, a struggle to succeed him has begun, putting the spiritual leadership of one of the world's foremost faiths in play. They say he has a calm, content, and patient personality. Mr Sistani champions the separation of mosque and state. Thousands quickly joined the armed forces, and Mālikī resigned in August. The Supreme Leader of Iran is currently Ayatollah Ali Khamanei. Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, born 4 August 1930, the most important Shiite cleric in Iraq, where the population is about 60 percent Shiite. Ali Husseini al-Sistani (en arabe : السيد علي الحسيني السيستاني, en persan : سید علی حسینی سیستانی) est un ayatollah iranien né le 4 août 1930 à Mashhad, en Iran. May 30, 2020. Among the most significant situations were those that came in 2014 with the rise of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL; also called Islamic State in Iraq and Syria [ISIS]). Certain things are Makrooh for a person observing fast, some of them are mentioned below: Using eye-drops and applying Surma if its taste or smell reaches the throat. Sheikh Nasser al-Din Ansari Al-Qomi, an investigator and researcher in the History of Scholars and Professor of Higher Studies in the Qom Seminary, details his meeting with the great religious authority, Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Ali al-Sistani, may Allah protect him. Ali al-Sistani, in full ʿAlī al-Ḥusaynī al-Sīstānī, (born August 4, 1930, Mashhad, Iran), Iranian-born Shiʿi cleric and a leader of the Iraqi Shiʿi community. He held a traditional ‘quietist’ philosophy rather than the ideology of clerical leadership in policy making as promulgated by Ruhollah Khomeini. Mr Sistani champions the separation of mosque and state. The Chief Ayatollah of Iraq is Ali al-Husayni al-Sistani. Who is the Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani? The most important Shiite cleric in Iraq, a nation that is 60 percent Shiite. His control of the Revolutionary Guard guarantees that the religious clerics have authority over the civil government. August 1930 in Maschhad, Iran) ist der bedeutendste schiitische Geistliche im heutigen Irak. Unlike Khamenei, Ayatollah Ali Sistani believes in the separation of religion from state and his position has been a key element that fostered a relative peace among various Iraqi groups some of which are loyal to the Islamic Republic and follow Khamenei's ideological lead. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ali-al-Sistani, Council on Foreign Relations - Biography of Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, Official Site of Al-Sayyid Ali Al-Husseini Al-Sistani. MOBILE VIEW A picture of Iraq's top Shiite cleric Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani is seen at a shop in a market in the capital Baghdad, Iraq, Jan. 18, 2020. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini became the supreme religious leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979, following many years of resistance to Shah Pahlavi. He is the most important Shiite cleric in Iraq, where the population is about 60 percent Shiite. Hassan Rouhani’s trip to Iraq was discussed from various angles by observers, but few noticed that he did not carry any greetings from Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei to the highest religious leader of Shiites, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani … to Sistani’s tolerance and respect for the freedom of thought and debate, Najaf, as a religious center, is wit-nessing the most tolerant era in its entire history. Ayatollah Sistani then began to perform the prayers at the niche of Ayatollah Khou’i, and started studying in his school. In Al-Najaf, Sistani was devoted to ensuring power for a Shiʿi majority in his adopted country, which had been led by a Sunni minority for centuries. His father was Sayyid Muhammad Baqir, the son of Sayyid Ali al-Husayni al-Sistani (may God have mercy on them). General Guidelines from the Supreme Religious Authority for Lecturers and Preachers during Muharram 1438 A.H. What is the ruling on abortion for a pregnant woman who is infected with AIDS? Later on, he wrote a commentary on the Resaalah of Ayatullah Khu’i. Although born in Iran, he is no fan of Khamenei and other hardliners in Tehran, preferring the likes of President Hassan Rouhani . Did you know that Sayyid Sistani used to listen to Imam Khomeini speeches in secret during Saddam’s time? Biography of Ayatollah Sayed Ali Sistani English. Grand Ayatollah Sistani: Role and likely successors Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani has been the most influen-tial leader in Iraq since the toppling of Saddam Hussein in 2003. Who is the Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani? MOBILE VIEW Sunni volunteers, who have joined the Abbas Combat Division, shout slogans after a field training in Kerbala, Iraq, Dec. 20, 2017. This means the reclusive, Iranian-born 73-year-old wields a tremendous degree of influence over the nation's future. In spite of these challenges, however, it was clear that Sistani remained one of Iraq’s most powerful figures, and U.S. and Iraqi officials continued to seek his input on important matters. May 30, 2020. For a man who rarely left his own house, or said a single word to the mass media, this is quite phenomenal! Who's who in Iraq: Ayatollah Sistani Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani is the prime marja, or spiritual reference, for Shia Muslims everywhere. Großajatollah Ali as-Sistani (persisch سیدعلی حسینی سیستانی, DMG Seyyed-ʿAlī Ḥosainī Sīstānī; arabisch علي الحسيني السيستاني, DMG ʿAlī al-Ḥusainī as-Sīsitānī; * ungefähr 4. Question & Answer. Sistani is a deeply religious man who is also a survivor. Brigades close to top Shiite cleric Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani announced the formation of a mobilization force affiliated with the chief of staff of the Iraqi armed forces, rather than Iran. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Updates? And it is the seat of the most popular Shia cleric, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani (pictured). He does not like self-promotion and forbids his representatives from spending a penny on advertising his religious autho… Most of the people who have known His Eminence Sayyid al-Sistani and have spent time with him have noted that, since his youth, he was a quiet person who spent most of his time in meditation and reflection. Currently there are a number of Ayatollahs. He is described as the spiritual leader of Iraqi Shia Muslims and one of the most senior clerics in Shia Islam. The reclusive cleric left Najaf for the first time in years for heart surgery He is one of only five living grand ayatollahs and the most senior Shia cleric in Iraq. Al-Sistani is profiled in Anthony Shadid's February 1, 2004, Washington Post article "Call of History Draws Iraqi Cleric to the Political Fore." Who is the Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani? Although he served as the spiritual leader of Iraq’s Shiʿi community, Sistani also commanded the respect of Sunni Arabs and Kurds. In June Sistani called on Iraqis to join the fight against the militant group and pushed for the replacement of Prime Minister Nūrī al-Mālikī and his government. And it is the seat of the most popular Shia cleric, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani (pictured). Both were prominent and well-known scholars in the religious seminaries in Najaf, Qum, and Mashhad. Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani Council on Foreign Relations ^ | 12-5-03 | Sharon Otterman Posted on 12/06/2003 11:38:46 AM PST by FlyLow. 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