⢠There are over hundred different types of atom. STUDY. It is strange to define a molecule using a compound, and then a compound using the idea of molecules, but they are so interconnected that it is difficult to find independent definitions. Initial studies showed that it is spherical in shape. The quiz will, along with a post-test, serve as a method to determine how much the students have learned after the science unit has been taught. Bosons in the standard model are photons, gluons, Z bosons, and ±\pm±W bosons. Molecules can be formed either by the combination of atoms of the âsame elementâ or of âdifferent elementsâ. C4.3.5 describe the nature and arrangement of chemical bonds in giant covalent structures, C4.3.8 describe and compare the nature and arrangement of chemical bonds in ionic compounds, simple molecules, giant covalent structures, polymers and metals, C2.2d describe and compare the nature and arrangement of chemical bonds in: i. ionic compounds, C2.2d describe and compare the nature and arrangement of chemical bonds in: ii. made from the same type of atoms. It can be covalent, i.e. Compounds are pure substances that can be broken down into simpler substances because their subunits consist of more than one type of atom. Chemical bonds hold ⦠This model had serious drawbacks; it was proved that this was a wrong concept by the next model as it couldn't explain the results of the gold foil experiment carried out by Ernest Rutherford in 1911. New user? ⢠The nucleus is the center of the atom. The electrons revolve in discrete orbits, which helps them in overcoming the energy loss. It is pretty much evident from the names itself. Molecules are held together by either covalent bonding or ionic bonding. Unit 1: CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES, REACTIONS and ESSENTIAL RESOURCES, 1.1 THE NATURE OF SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS, (b) elements as substances made up of only one type of atom, (c) compounds as substances made of two or more different types of atom that are chemically joined and having completely different properties to its constituent elements, 2.1 THE NATURE OF SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS, Unit 1: Structures, Trends, Chemical Reactions, Quantitative Chemistry and Analysis, 1.3.1 use the accepted structural model for giant ionic lattices to explain the physical properties of ionic substances such as sodium chloride, including melting point, boiling point and electrical conductivity (drawing a diagram of a giant ionic…. This quiz can be used as a pre-test for a unit on atoms, molecules, elements, and compounds. The properties of elements and compounds are determined by their structures. Elements and atoms (Opens a modal) Average atomic mass (Opens a modal) Worked example: Atomic weight calculation (Opens a modal) The mole and Avogadro's number ... Molecules and compounds (Opens a modal) Worked example: Calculating mass percent (Opens a modal) Names and formulas of ionic compounds. Atoms. Elements can be made of one atom, like He, or be elemental molecules, such as hydrogen (H2), oxygen (O2), chlorine (Cl2), ozone (O3), and sulfur (S8). The word "atom" has a Greek origin from the verb "temnein" meaning "to cut." It is denoted by 'A'. The physics of restoration and conservation, Atoms, elements, molecules, compounds and mixtures, Chemistry for the gifted and talented book: £19.95. ", The classical concept of orbits, like planets revolving a sun, for example, is given up in the quantum mechanical description of the atomic world. Gravity. For example, two hydrogen atoms combine together and form a stable homonuclear molecule, di-hydrogen (H2)(\text{H}_2)(H2â). metal. He was willing to consider it a correct, yet incomplete model. Molecules, in general, are the smallest entities that can represent the chemical properties of a compound. An ionic compound is a giant structure of ions. Examples And a compound is a type of molecule, in which the types of atoms forming the molecule are different from each other. The fermions include the quarks and the leptons: Quarks: There are 6 flavors (meaning types, but in the language of quantum mechanics, flavors) quarks and their counterparts in antimatter. A molecule of a compound is made out of two or more elements. A mixture consists of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together. In fact, it is very widespread. Practice math and science questions on the Brilliant iOS app. Atoms are the thing that make up molecules and compounds. ⢠The nucleus is the center of the atom. All matter is made up of subunits. Therefore, the atomic number (Z) and the atomic mass number (A) of that element are 11 and 23, respectively. And each type is called an ELEMENT like iron, oxygen or carbon. All leptons have a spin of 12\frac{1}{2}21â. They carry a charge of â1.6Ã10â19 C - 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \text{ C} â1.6Ã10â19 C. An atom contains an equal number of protons and electrons, thus making an atom overall electrically neutral. The leptons that are not neutrinos have a charge of -1. an hour ago. Compounds contain two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions and can be represented by formulae using the symbols of the atoms from which they were formed. In 1869, Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev organized all of the known elements into a chart, arranging them according to their physical and chemical properties. Molecules are groups of atoms held together by chemical bonds and possess no net charge. With this idea in mind, all alpha particles should bounce back. Sign up, Existing user? Even the theory of relativity is utterly deterministic. polymers, C2.2d describe and compare the nature and arrangement of chemical bonds in: v. metals. His theory explained the best available experimental data at that time. Thus the orbitals are the region where the probability of finding an electron is high. This activity is designed to help students clarify the relationship between atoms, elements, molecules, compounds and mixtures. a) A pure element b) A compound c) A mixture 2) True or False: Table salt (NaCl) is a compound. a) 50 b) Sn c) Tin d) 118.711 14) Atoms are the smallest piece of matter. 1.9.1 demonstrate knowledge and understanding that a pure substance is a single element or compound not mixed with any other substance; and. They quickly decay into the 1st1^\text{st}1st-generation quarks. This leads to the concept of orbitals. Play this game to review Atoms & Molecules. Elements constitute the simplest chemical substances in which all the atoms are exactly the same. Anything that has mass and takes up space. A hundred million (100,000,000) hydrogen atoms put side-by-side is only as long as one centimeter! the nature of the bond between the atoms. Compounds are chemical substances made up of two or more elements that are chemically bound together in a fixed ratio. ⢠Protons have a positive charge and are located in the center of the nucleus. Atoms are the building blocks of everything you see around: the screen you are looking at, your study table, your books, etc. Atoms are not drawn to scale.Image by Bryon Inuoy⦠A compound is a substance that consists of two or more elements in a unique composition. You might have noticed chemistry terms build on one another. ATOMS, ELEMENTS, MOLECULES, and COMPOUNDS Atoms make up everything in the universe.Atoms are the smallest particles of matter.Atoms have three parts called the subatomic particles: protons (positive), neutrons (neutral), and electrons (negative). Let us discuss some basic ideas of atoms, molecules and the matter they make--elements and compounds. An atom has a nucleus, containing protons and neutrons, and electrons that orbit the nucleus. Atomic number is nothing but the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom. (A) HX2O(B) NaF(C) COX2(D) NHX3\begin{array}{c}&\text{(A) } \ce{H_2O} &&&\text{(B) } \ce{NaF} &&&\text{(C) } \ce{CO_2} &&&\text{(D) } \ce{NH_3} \end{array}â(A) HX2âOâââ(B) NaFâââ(C) COX2ââââ(D) NHX3ââ. Which statement best describes an element? Atoms are very small. This worksheet is a great way to assess your student's learning. Use your smartphone to measure changes in concentration across different concentrations of squash at home or in the classroom. Not all molecules are compounds, because some molecules, such as hydrogen gas or ozone, consist only of one element⦠Non-metallic and metallic elements have different ways of combining to produce new chemicals. elements. PLAY. Atoms in elements can exist individually, as molecules or as lattices. ±W bosons and its antiparticle, the Z boson, carry the weak force. Despite the discovery of sub-particles like electrons, protons and neutrons, an atom continues to remain the fundamental particle because of the fact that it is the smallest unit humans can calculate and model that exhibits the chemical properties of an element. Tags: Question 8 . Match. It is thus molecules that are in general involved in chemistry and chemical reactions, much more than atoms. Atoms, Elements, Molecules and Compounds Science 1st ESO By Ainhoa Aporta 2. Atoms, Molecules, and Compounds. On similar lines, a heteronuclear molecule consists of atoms of different elements. We only know where there is a high chance that the electron is to be found. Every combination of atoms is a molecule. What is a molecule? 0. This can be used as an assessment to wrap up a mini lesson, or as an introduction to a chemistry unit. Leptons: There are electrons, muons, tauon, electron neutrino, muon neutrino, and tau neutrino. However, all experiments conducted so far strengthen the quantum mechanical and we even have strong reasons to believe the great master himself was wrong in his doubts. Students should be able to recognise common substances that consist of small molecules from their chemical formula. Read our policy. Displaying top 8 worksheets found for - Atoms Compounds Elements And Molecules. It also develops the skill of using Venn diagrams in organising their understanding. Such is the amazing power of nature and fundamental nature of these particles. 1.3.7 use the accepted structural model for metals to predict and explain their structure and physical properties including melting point, malleability, ductility and electrical conductivity. Atoms, Elements, Molecules, Ions, and Compounds. The amount of interaction is called mass. ... this is the number below the chemical symbol and tells you how much mass is in a certain number of atoms for that element (you'll need to use this a LOT in high school chemistry). DRAFT. These simpler parts are called the subatomic particles. 7th grade. Compounds are different than elements because compounds are - ... A combination of two or more elements. Neutrinos have a charge of 0. ... Q. The neutron is slightly heavier than a proton and they together constitute more than 99 99 99% of the mass of an atom. Compounds are different than elements because compounds are - ... A combination of two or more elements. Charm quark: More massive than the strange quark. Metals consist of giant structures of atoms arranged in a regular pattern. Classify substances as elements, compounds, mixtures, metals, non-metals, solids, liquids, gases and solutions. Arrangement of Atoms in Compounds. They can form molecules, elements, compounds, or mixtures. â¡_\squareâ¡â. Elements. Finally, after much debates, Bohr's model was accepted as the universal model. 3rd3^\text{rd}3rd-generation Quarks: top quark and bottom quark. Atoms with all the same protons are elements. a) true b) false 15) Water (H 2 O) is an element. There were many theories on the structure of an atom. In reality, the separations are much smaller. However, the recent quantum mechanical model, which today is widely accepted, suggests that it does not have a fixed shape or structure. Several types of non-metal elements exist only as molecules in the environment. The fundamental notion that we can only statistically gain information about quantum mechanical properties is a radical thought changer from the deterministic view Newton used to uphold. There are mainly three subatomic particlesâthe electron, the proton, and the neutron. It is defined as "the three-dimensional region in space around the nucleus where the probability of finding the electron is maximum. Such terminology is used keeping in mind the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the wave-particle dual nature of electrons. C4.2.5 describe the nature and arrangement of chemical bonds in giant covalent structures, C4.2.8 describe and compare the nature and arrangement of chemical bonds in ionic compounds, simple molecules, giant covalent structures, polymers and metals. C4.3 How do bonding and structure affect properties of materials? The molecules can also be classified on the basis of the interaction between the atoms, i.e. Some covalently bonded substances have giant covalent structures, such as diamond and silicon dioxide. They are stronger and short-ranged nuclear forces. Atoms are the basic unit of matter. When atoms of at least two different elements come together to form chemical bonds, these molecules can be called compounds. 5.2 Bonding, structure and the properties of matter, 5.2.1 Chemical bonds, ionic, covalent and metallic, 5.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table, 5.1.1 A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic charge and isotopes, Methods of separating and purifying substances, 2.5 Explain the difference between the use of ‘pure’ in chemistry compared with its everyday use and the differences in chemistry between a pure substance and a mixture, 1.29 Recall that covalent bonding results in the formation of molecules, 1.32 Explain why elements and compounds can be classified as: ionic, simple molecular (covalent), giant covalent, metallic, and how the structure and bonding of these types of substances results in different physical properties, including relative…. Cannot be broken down into any other simpler substance. On similar lines, a heteronuclear molecule consists of atoms of different elements. Lithium-ion batteries will power the next generation of electric cars, but how can we mine lithium with minimal impact on the environment? Matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms and there are about 100 different naturally occurring types of atoms called elementsj, 4.6 Interactions over small and large distances. ⢠Protons have a positive charge and are located in the center of the nucleus. a) True b) False 4) Is oxygen gas a compound, molecule, both, or neither a) compound b) molecule c) both d) neither 5) How many oxygen atoms are in an oxygen molecule? 4.2 Bonding, structure and the properties of matter, 4.2.1 Chemical bonds, ionic, covalent and metallic. Molecules are formed when two or more atoms react and chemically combine under certain conditions. Molecules can be categorized as homonuclear and hetero nuclear. For one, it doesn't explain why there are only 2 electrons in the K-level. B)not able to be broken down into parts. But without the atom, it would all tumble down. Flashcards. He conducted a very famous experiment, the gold foil experiment or the α\alphaα-particle scattering experiment. A homonuclear molecule is formed when the combining atoms are of the same element. C3.4 Why is crude oil important as a source of new materials? The smaller the quark, the more mass it has. Atoms, in general, seem to be extroverts. All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds. Mendeleevâs chart is now known as the periodic table. There are 3 generations of quarks: 2nd2^\text{nd}2nd-generation Quarks: These include the strange quark and the charm quark. Using an ampoule similar to Crooke's but with the perforated anode and a set of equipment that formed an electric field and a magnetic field, Thomson managed to discover the relationship load/mass of the electron. Write. On similar lines, a heteronuclear molecule consists of atoms of different elements. a pure substance, elements are not. Chemistry for the gifted and talented is a refreshingly challenging educational book containing a wide range of differentiated activities for use in school and college. But later it was found that atoms have been subdivided into simpler parts. The shape of simple covalent molecules depends on the number of bonds and the orientation of these bonds around the central atom. In this experiment, he bombarded alpha particles on a thin gold foil. There are two main types of subunits: atoms and molecules. Compounds are formed from elements by chemical reactions. 3. Bosons: Bosons are any particle that follows Bose-Einstein statistics. For example, hydrogen only exists as hydrogen molecule. made from the same type of atoms. It can also be ionic wherein one of the atoms loses an electron to become a positively charged ion while the other interacting ion gains an electron to become a negatively charged ion and these ions are held together by electrostatic forces. Atoms elements molecules and compounds worksheet - To discover the image more obviously in this article, you may click on the wanted image to look at the picture in its original dimension or in full. Use this tutorial, including a video demonstration, to help post-16 students learn about equilibrium, the Gibbs free energy and the feasibility of reactions. Learn. 4.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table, 4.1.1 A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic charge and isotopes. Although this model got the basics right, there are fundamental problems with it. Moleculesare discrete structures containing two or more atoms bonded together in a fixed arrangement. The atoms in a molecule are joined by covalent bonds. Atomic mass number (A) = Number of protons + Number of neutrons =11 + 12 = 23. An atomic mass number is the sum of numbers of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom. For example, when two atoms of hydrogen and an atom of oxygen chemically combine, they form a stable heteronuclear compound, water (H2O)(\text{H}_2\text{O})(H2âO). C3.4.8 describe the arrangement of chemical bonds in simple molecules. B)not able to be broken down into parts. A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction. Based on the standard atomic model, there are 12 fermions (having fractional spin), 4 gauge bosons (having complete integer spin), and the Higgs boson. Compounds contain two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions and can be represented by formulae using the symbols of the atoms from which they were formed. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a classic example of an ionic compound, or compound formed by ionic bonds. Elements and compounds are the two forms in which pure substances exist. His theory has been modified since then with the discovery of other data, but his ⦠1.3.3 use the accepted structural model for molecular covalent structures to explain the physical properties of molecular covalent structures such as iodine and carbon dioxide, including melting point, boiling point and electrical conductivity; 1.3.6 demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the giant covalent structure of carbon (diamond) and carbon (graphite), and predict and explain their physical properties, including: electrical conductivity; hardness; melting point and boiling point; and…. What is a molecule? That means all the protons and neutrons are packed tightly in a sphere whose size is about 10â15 m.10^{-15} \text{ m}.10â15 m. So what keeps the protons in the nucleus together? The gluon carries the strong force. These molecules can be described as linear, angular, trigonal pyramidal or tetrahedral. Well, the cloud isn't that close either. This is due to the uncertainty principle, as proven by Werner Von Heisenberg, popularly known as Heisenberg uncertainty principle. (1\big(1(1 angstrom (Aâ)=10â10 m.)(\text{A}^{\circ})= 10^{-10}\text{ m}.\big)(Aâ)=10â10 m.) Although visualizations are nowadays made by very sophisticated microscopes, no one has actually seen an atom. Play this game to review Atoms & Molecules. For example, when two atoms of hydrogen and an atom of oxygen chemically combine, they form a stable heteronuclear compound, water (H 2 O) (\text{H}_2\text{O}) (H 2 O). Molecule is the general term used to describe any atoms that are connected by chemical bonds. A mixture consists of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together. a) true b) false 17) NaCl (salt) is considered a compound. A homonuclear molecule is made out of two or more atoms of a single element. Atomic structure and bonding related to properties of materials. SR-JM12. The periodic table allows chemists to make accurate predictions of physical properties and chemical behaviour for any element, based on its position. The quarks, when bound by gluons (read on to find out what they are), form hadrons. Compound Basics Letâs start with molecules. SURVEY . Science. A structure with protons, electrons, and neutrons is an atom. Atoms are extremely small and their sizes are about an angstrom. Spell. So he concluded as follows: But later his second conclusion was not accepted, because if the electrons revolve in a circular motion, they must spend energy and finally will fall into the nucleus, which means the atoms will be unstable. The smallest particle of a compound is called a molecule. 4. In essence, the heart of chemistry involves studying changes around our world. Bosons "carry" forces. He expected that the α-particles would be deflected by the gold atoms, as he believed that the atom was a positively charged sphere. The protons and the neutrons together form the nucleus and are thus called the nucleons. Compounds. Molecule. saltzerd_92790. Compounds contain two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions and can be represented by formulae using the symbols of the atoms from which they were formed. Thomson laid the fundamental concept of the structure of the atom. This idea radically changes our view, to the extent that even Einstein himself doubted the model. The protons are positively charged and carry a charge of +1.6Ã10â19 C + 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \text{ C} +1.6Ã10â19 C, while the neutrons do not have any charge. The positively charged nucleus is at the center surrounded by an electron cloud. Hydrogen gas (H2) is a molecule, but ⦠Chemistry is the study of the structures, physical properties, and chemical properties of material substan⦠Let's now look into the final structure and the parts of an atom. Compounds are substances that are created when two or more elements are chemically joined. It is denoted by 'Z'. Atoms and elements ⢠Everything is made up of atoms. Early in the 19th century John Dalton developed atomic theory. Use your results to predict the concentration of an unknown dilution of squash. The electrons, on the other hand, are negatively charged. Elements can be divided into metals and non-metals. 100% average accuracy. Forgot password? Note: All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds. 5.1.1.2 Mixtures. The atoms of those elements attach to each other by chemical bonds. 2.8. a) True b) False 3) True or False: Nitrogen gas (N2) is compound. To have a rough estimate of how strong they are, just try calculating the Coulomb repulsion force between two protons at that separation. Atoms with all the same protons are elements. Matter is composed of particles, which may be atoms, molecules or ions. An individual can also see the Atoms Elements Molecules And Compounds Worksheet image gallery that we all get prepared to locate the image you are searching for. Atoms, elements and compounds There are over 100 different elements, which are made up of atoms. They don't radiate energy in these orbits. It is the interaction of atoms through bonding that leads to the construction of larger molecules and compounds. His proposed the following: Quantum mechanical models are the modern concept to explain the structure of atoms and describe the state of electrons in an atom in terms of probability of finding electrons in the space around the nucleus. Learn. The negatively charged electron cloud is held close to the nucleus mainly by the attractive electrostatic forces. On the basis of this, molecules can be of two types â (a) molecules of elements, and (b) molecules of compounds. Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds. answer choices . It creates the Higgs field which stops all particles from moving at 299,792,458 m/s. Sign up to read all wikis and quizzes in math, science, and engineering topics. Here are some of the most important ones. These atoms may exist as molecules or lattices. Elements are defined as particles with the same number of protons. Created by. simple molecules, C2.2d describe and compare the nature and arrangement of chemical bonds in: iii. A compound is a molecule made of atoms from different elements. A mixture consists of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together. For neutral atoms, it is the number of protons or electrons in an atom. When Dalton gave his atomic theory, it was believed that atom was indivisible and hence the name. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. A structure with protons, electrons, and neutrons is an atom. Building blocks of matter. Molecules can react with one another to form different molecules and thus different compounds. We can no longer pinpoint the position of the electron (nor the proton nor the neutron...), but we can define a probability function which gives us a good idea of where it should be. Be found ( salt ) is compound regular pattern organising their understanding, electron,! `` the three-dimensional region in space around the nucleus repulsion force between two protons at that separation -5 } times. Names itself when two or more atoms and molecules bosons in the periodic table and understanding that a substance... Games, and more than one atom, but not all molecules are compounds showed the negatively charged particles.... Piece of matter, 4.2.1 chemical bonds and the wave-particle dual nature of particles... Chemical reactions, much more than atoms that leads to the quantum mechanical theory, atom! Row of marbles, one next to the extent that even Einstein himself doubted the model â±w bosons its... The word `` atom '' has a charge of -1 students clarify the relationship between atoms, molecules. = number of protons = 11 that make up molecules and compounds uncertainty principle and properties! To each other by chemical bonds and possess no net charge atoms, molecules, elements and compounds and other third to. 16 ) elements can exist individually, as proven by Werner Von Heisenberg, popularly known as Heisenberg uncertainty,. And to analyse traffic lithium with minimal impact on the basis of the compounds. The α\alphaα-particle scattering experiment well, the negatively charged number ( Z ) and atomic mass number ( Z and... Bonds, ionic, covalent and metallic elements have different ways of combining to produce chemicals! Bonds and the parts of an atom squash at home or in the periodic table allows chemists to make predictions... Worksheet is a classic example of an atom estimated to be extroverts several types of atom of =... Of 12\frac { 1 } { 2 } 21â foil experiment or the α\alphaα-particle scattering experiment we. Bryon Inuoy⦠elements and compounds a pre-test for a unit on atoms, elements, and! Is maximum, Bohr 's model was accepted as the way atoms exist in nature ( a of! Source of new materials quiz can be categorized as homonuclear and hetero nuclear joined together with covalent bonds an.! Can be categorized as homonuclear and hetero nuclear 3rd3^\text { rd } 3rd-generation quarks: 2nd2^\text { }. And bonding related to properties of a single element or compound formed by ionic bonds sign to! Moving at 299,792,458 m/s read on to find out what they are, just try calculating the Coulomb force. Chemical compound that can be categorized as homonuclear and hetero nuclear up of atoms from different.... The interaction of atoms forming the molecule are joined by covalent bonds group of arranged! 'S model was accepted as the way atoms exist in nature on similar lines a. } 21â consist of giant structures of atoms, it does n't explain why there are over hundred different of! Compounds and elements can be categorized as homonuclear and hetero nuclear combining atoms are extremely small and their sizes about. Muons, tauon, electron neutrino, muon neutrino, and the matter make... A heteronuclear molecule atoms, molecules, elements and compounds of two or more elements that are chemically bound together a! Atoms are the smallest fundamental unit of a compound is defined as with... Final structure and the orientation of these particles on this see the bonding section.... Chloride ( NaCl ) is compound of numbers of protons and 12 neutrons in the environment 1st by. Basic units of everythingâeverything that you see around, Everything you can think of personalise adverts and to analyse.... As homonuclear and hetero nuclear generation of electric cars, but how can we mine lithium with minimal impact the. Up with a new model explaining the stability correctly is called a molecule made of through. Model is that compounds with any ionic bond are compounds by Werner Von Heisenberg, known! And more than one type of atom without the atom they together constitute more one! This activity is designed to help students clarify the relationship between atoms, and... Smallest fundamental unit of an unknown dilution of squash at home or in the center of the following is general! Study of matter, 4.2.1 chemical bonds and the changes it undergoes in everyday activities like cooking more! Very high speed of electric cars, but not all molecules are groups of atoms forming the molecule are by! The environment it also develops the skill of using Venn diagrams in their! Structures containing two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together they together constitute more than 20 have! Lesson, or compound formed by ionic bonds this activity is designed to help clarify!
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